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Top Countries by Fossil Fuel Consumption in 2023
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Fossil fuel consumption reached new record highs in 2023, driven by increased coal and oil use in China, despite the global boom in renewable energy.
Together, gas, oil, and coal accounted for 81.5% of the global energy mix last year, slightly down from 82% in 2022.
This graphic shows the top 12 countries by fossil fuel consumption in 2023. Data is from the Energy Institute, 2024 Statistical Review of World Energy, released in June 2024.
China and U.S. Account for Nearly Half of Global Fossil Fuel Use
China and the U.S. are responsible for almost half (47%) of global fossil fuel consumption.
CountryOil (Exajoules)Natural GasCoalTotal
China331592140
U.S.3632876
India1122235
Russia716427
Japan73515
Iran49012
Saudi Arabia74012
South Korea52310
Canada4409
Indonesia3249
Germany4329
United Kingdom3205
Rest of the World725024146
In 2023, China consumed 140 exajoules of fossil fuels, equivalent to approximately 5.8 billion tonnes of hard coal. The U.S. followed with 76 exajoules, while India was third with 35 exajoules.
Crude oil consumption surpassed 100 million barrels per day for the first time, and coal demand exceeded the previous year’s record.
China remains the largest coal consumer, accounting for 56% of global consumption, a new record for the country. Additionally, in 2023, India’s coal consumption surpassed the combined total of Europe and North America for the first time.
If you like this graphic, be sure to check out ‘Visualizing Global Energy Production in 2023.’ This graphic illustrates the sources of energy used worldwide last year.
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